商务英语：2012年中级考试练习资料（5）

商务术语:

　　services(劳务), primary commodities(初级产品), absolute advantage(绝对利益), comparative advantage(比较利益), quota(配额), customs union(关税同盟), ad valorem duty(从价税), specific duties(从量税), drawback(退税), MFN(最惠国待遇), non-tariff barrier(非关税壁垒).

　　考点:

　　1. 国际贸易的定义(definition):

　　It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another

　　2. 国际贸易的两个缘由( Two reasons for international trade)

　　a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries

　　b. international specialization(国际专业化)

　　3. 国际专门化的两个理论(Two theories for international specialization)

　　a. The theory of absolute advantage(绝对利益理论):

　　a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)

　　b. The theory of comparative advantage(相对对利益理论):

　　Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

　　4. 关税壁垒和非关税壁垒( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)

　　a. tariff barriers: export duty(进口税), import duty(出口税), ----specific duties 从量税

　　ad valorem duty. 从价税

　　Compound duty 混合税

　　b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers

　　5. 翻译练习

　　a. 比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石考试用书

　　Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade

　　b.关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式

　　Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.

　　Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000