雅思口语备考：英音的发音特点

　英语到了十九世纪, 英语语言的变化带有社会阶级的色彩由此女王英语The Queen’s English, 女王英语被公认为标准音Standard Pronunciation, 后来演变为公认的发音Received Pronunciation(RP), 典型英国英语的标准音. 1922年英国广播公司BBC采用RP标准音, 就此BBC为标准音. 也有人把他称为Oxbridge English(牛津剑桥英语). 即使这样也只有10%的人发RP口音, 应为RP发音带有浓厚的上层社会色彩, 人们把发音看作是社会地位的标志. 假如一个受过良好教育的人不会发RP音, 很难体现自己的社会身份以及地位的体现.

　　英格兰境内的英语基本包括伦敦英语, 东南部英语, 东部英语, 西南部英语, 西部英语, 中部英语, 北部英语等, 大致有三个方言区:南部方言区, 中部方言区, 北部方言区.

　　具体特征:

　　英格兰南部: love, butter, luck, cousin, but, nut,

是重读音节.

　　Could, look, book, pull, push, would, /u/是重读音节.

　　英格兰北部:

和/u/是不分的.

　　英格兰南部:fast, last, pass, after, 重读音节读成长元音/ɑ:/

　　英格兰北部:北部音把/ɑ:/读成/ɑ/

　　伦敦音(Cockney): 特色发音/ei/读成/ai/, 比如famous发音/ei/读成/ai/

　　Home Counties: 指英国南部的家乡音, 包括Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Sussex这些地方基本操一种口音.

　　Estuary English: 一种区域口音, 俗称”河口音”, 基本上操这个口音的人聚集在Kent和Essex, 河口音是介于RP和伦敦腔的一种口音, 基本发音特征是把”th”发成”f”和”v”, 比如thank他们发成fank. 基本发音人群是肥皂剧和电视TV秀, 以及足球运动员和娱乐圈人士.

　　The West: 西部口音基本是从Cornwall到Herefordshire, 人们经常把r拖长音发, 比如cart他们发成carrt.

　　The East: Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, East Anglia, Essex经常把r音, 去掉或者说不发.

　　The North: Lancashire, Cheshire, Staffordshire经常把wrong发成wrang, 把long发成lang.

　　英语中有12个单元音, 8个双元音, 24个辅音, 如果包括/dz, ts, tr, dr/, 则总共48个.

　　UK English phonetic pronunciation

　　Table 1. Guide to the UK English phonetic alph

Symbol	Description
“|” (pipe symbol)	Word Boundary Phone
AAS AAS	As in ARE fAther cAR
AES	As in At hAm trAp
AVS	As in Up bUt sOn
OAS OAS	As in Or fOUR Also
A_S ULS	As in OUt cOUnt hOW
AXS	As in tablE compAny commA
A_S ILS	As in EYE fIve lIE
_B.	As in But laBel caB
_CH	As in CHurch naTure reaCH
_D.	As in Dog meDal laD
_DF	As in THe boTHer baTHe
D$	Noisy silence, such as a keystroke or door slam
E_S	As in Any sAId bErry
E3S E3S	As in EArly wORd hER
E_S ILS	As in AId mAde grEY
_F.	As in First telePHone rouGH
_G.	As in Grab aGo biG
_H.	As in Home Hat beHind
ILS	As in Ink hYmn beIng
I_S I_S	As in EEl pEEp heavY
_JJ	As in Jay adJust chanGE
_K.	As in Cat baCKer maKe
_L.	As in Light vaLLey feeL
_M.	As in Mat haMMer hoMe
_N.	As in Night aNt baN
_NG	As in siNG beiNG loNG
AQS	As in hOt wAs Of
AXS ULS	As in gO knOW cOal
OAS ILS	As in OIl avOId toy
_P.	As in Park suPPle gaP
_R.	As in Right fRom thRee
_S.	As in Sit miSt maSS
_SH	As in SHarp naTIonal fiSH
_T.	As in To aTTend paT
_TH	As in Thing auThor paTH
ULS	As in gOOd shOUld pUt
U_S U_S	As in OOze bOOt whO
_V.	As in Very oVer saVe
_W.	As in White Was tWenty
X	Silence, such as a pause
_Y.	As in Yet Use bEAUty
_Z.	As in Zip siZe waS
_ZH	As in treaSure uSually viSion