商务英语：2012年中级模拟练习题（2）

　　1.Economists often divide the study of economics into two separate categories: microeconomics、macroeconomics.

　　2. There are two important components to this definition: limited resources and unlimited wants. Together they form what is known as the problem of scarcity, which is the most basic of all economic problems.

　　3.Economists use the term opportunity cost to refer to the next best alternative that is given up when a decision is made to use resources in a particular way.

　　4. Factors of production, which are also called productive resources, are the basic resources needed for the production of economic goods and services. Economists, traditionally, have divided the factors of production into three basic categories: (1) natural resources; (2)capital goods; (3)labor. In addition, many economists add a fourth factor of production, entrepreneurship, to the list.

　　5.Land, air, water, forests, coal, iron ore, oil, and other minerals are examples of natural resources.

　　6.Factories, machines, tools, railroads, and business buildings are all examples of capital goods.

　　7.The work of a janitor, teacher, lawyer, engineer, and the governor of your state are all examples of labor.

　　8.Entrepreneurship may be defined as the function of combining and organizing natural resources, capital goods, and labor.

　　9.Command economies are often called planned economies because the government engages in elaborate, detailed planning.

　　10.In traditional economies, the basic economic questions of “what”, “how” and “for whom” are answered by people involved, and the answers are usually based on tradition ;In command economies, the basic economic questions are answered by government officials; In market economies, basic economic questions are answered by individual households、businesses through a system a of freely operating markets.