2012年商务英语初级备考要点复习三

Lesson 8 Business Contract

　　商务术语:

　　Inquiry(询盘,询价), quotation(报价单), validity period(有效期), offer(发盘), counter-offer(还盘), offeree(收盘人), sales confirmation(销售确认书), Consignment(寄售), fore majeure(不可抗力), business line(业务范围), contract proper(合同正文), article number(货号).

　　考点:

　　1.合同的定义(definition)

　　A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties

　　2.谈判过程及签定合同(the process of negotiation and the conclusion of the contract)

　　inquiry--àquotation---> offer and acceptance-àcounter-offer

　　3.合同的种类(The types of contracts)

　　a. sales contract

　　b.purchase contract

　　c.sales confirmation

　　4. 合同的构成(the setting up of a contract)

　　a. the title (合同名称)

　　b. the contract proper(合同正文)

　　c. The signature of the contracting parties(缔约双方签字)

　　d. The stipulations on the back of the contract(合同背面的规定)

　　翻译练习:

　　a. 在实盘情况下,我们通常保留有效期三天

　　In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for three days

　　Lesson 9 Modes of Trade

　　商务术语:

　　Counter trade(对销贸易), hyperinflation(极度通货膨胀), Reichstock(德国国家银行)，protectionism(贸易保护主义)，Clearing system(票据交换制度), net positions(净头寸), compensation trade(补偿贸易), barter(易货贸易), counter purchase(互购贸易)

　　Buyback(回购贸易), centrally planned economies(中央计划经济国家), processing trade(加工贸易), consignment(寄售贸易), leasing trade(租赁贸易)，aution(竞卖/拍卖), agency(代理) 174-175页

　　考点：

　　1.对销贸易的主要优点(major advantages of counter trade)

　　a. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortages

　　b. promoting exports

　　c, reducing uncertainty regarding export receipts

　　d.bypassing international price agreement

　　e. helping countries with debt problems to import goods

　　3. 对销贸易的缺点(the drawbacks of counter trade)

　　a. very risky business (conceal the real prices and costs of transactions)

　　b. Companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor quality

　　c. a form of proctectionism

　　翻译练习

　　a. “互相捆绑”是易货贸易,回购贸易和互惠贸易的共同特征

　　“Bundling” is the feature common to barter, counter purchase and buyback.

　　b. 作为一种捆绑贸易,对销贸易一般是在成熟市场经济国家和市场机制不完善的国家间发生的贸易

　　As a type of bundled trade, counter trade generally takes place between mature market economies and economies with imperfect market institution..

　　Lesson10 International Payment

　　商务词汇:

　　debtor(债务人), debit(收方/借方), financial standing(财务状况), credit worthiness(信誉), periodic payment(分期付款), cash in advance(预付现金),usance draft(远期汇票), documentary draft(跟单汇票), clean draft(光票), documentary collection(跟单托收), D/P(付款交单), D/A(承兑交单).

　　考点:

　　1. 国际贸易支付的复杂性(the complexity of payment in international trade):

　　Mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and the importer face various political risks, commercial risks etc.

　　2. 在一定条件下的两种支付方法:

　　a. cash in advance or partial cash in advance (预付现金和部分预付现金)

　　b.open account(记账交易)

　　3. 汇票(the draft/ bill of exchange)

　　a. definition: an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future

　　b. sign draft and usance draft (即期汇票和远期汇票)

　　c. clean draft (光票:汇票不附单据) and documentary draft (跟单汇票:随同汇票一起的有相关的单据,如提单,发票,保险单)

　　4. 跟单拖收 (documentary collection)

　　a. D/P: 付款交单: documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effected

　　b. D/A: 承兑交单: documents handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter

　　翻译练习:

　　a. 许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令

　　A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft that is an order to a bank or a customer to pay

　　b. 即期汇票要求受票人见到汇票后立即付款

　　A sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.